What material can be used to protect shorelines from muskrat burrowing?

Using coarse stone is effective in protecting shorelines from muskrat burrowing due to its size and density. Coarse stone creates a physical barrier that is difficult for muskrats to tunnel through. The irregular shapes of the stones also help prevent the establishment of burrows by making it challenging for muskrats to dig effectively in that area.

In contrast, fine gravel and sand may not provide the necessary resistance against burrowing since they can be easily moved or displaced by the rodents. While wooden barriers might offer some protection, they can be gnawed or chewed by muskrats, thus making them less effective in preventing burrowing compared to coarse stone. Therefore, using coarse stone is the most reliable method to deter muskrats and protect shoreline integrity.